Meanwhile, flatter areas are better for large-scale farming operations. McGraw-Hill, Inc. p. 87-130. Your email address will not be published. Country level GDP data were assigned to their corresponding watershed. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. Meteorology, The Atmosphere in Action. Today, geography still plays an important but much more nuanced role in the development of economies. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. WebThe factors influencing development are often linked and countries can find themselves in a cycle of poverty. Fast facts: The state of worlds land and water resources. Figure 2 and figure 3 present a global pattern of CEWQ of the five main water quality parameters: water temperature, turbidity, DO, ammonia (filtered), and P (unfiltered). Export citation and abstract Available transportation facilities or networks, cost of land, capital and markets are other economic factors that affect farming in different ways. The concentration of DOC is higher in the above-stated climatic types, which may be due to higher anthropogenic activity and a high rate of decomposition due to elevated temperature [45]. Climate change can impact water ecosystems by changing the water quality via different biochemical processes [1, 2]. The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. Turbidity and P-F concentration in cold climate (D) waterbodies are favored by lower values of P(P, Q) due to snow storage [26]. Bowen, A., & Pallister, J. Air promotes pollination, hence fruit and seed development. Also, the size of a country or region impacts on its demography, as well as social structures development. For example, air ascending a mountain undergoes a decrease in pressure and often releases moisture in the form of rain or snow. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Need revision notes and resources for other subjects? Covering KS3, GCSE and A-Level, we provide the most comprehensive GCSE and A-Level revision tools to pass your exams. Crops require oxygen during respiration to produce energy used in different plant growth and development processes. Topography is the study of the land surface. However, strong winds can foster water loss and toppling or lodging or crops. 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GDP has a negative coefficient for P (P, NO2-F), which may be a consequence of precision farming in the locality, which decreases the amount of NO2-F swept to surface waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. The influence of altitude has already been noted. Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. Light Light is critical in plant photosynthesis (the process of manufacturing food in plants as sugars) and chlorophyll (the green pigment in plants) production. In this answer, we will explore how various factors such A 10% increase in local tourism revenues leads to a 2.5% increase in employment and a 4% increase in municipality GDP. How Students Read Interactively to Construct Meaning, Influence of Geographic Factors on Politics in Europe, Economic Characteristics of Canada's Different Regions, Factors Influencing Geographic Patterns in the United States, Geographic Influences on Migration in the Caribbean, Central & South America, Geographic Influences on African & Middle Eastern Migration Patterns, Influence of Geographic Factors on Politics in East Asia, Declaration of Independence: Lesson for Kids, Southeast Asian Civilizations' Land & People, Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries. Required fields are marked *. So, they moved north to present day Europe, and east into Asia establishing trade routes in the process, which were lengthy paths from one location to another in which goods and services were traded. In direct The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. Development dynamics emerging country example (case study) These are areas of lower elevation that form passages through the mountains. Relative humidity influences the closing and opening of stomata responsible for regulating water loss in crops through photosynthesis and transpiration. The topography of Great Britain consists mainly of low, gently rolling hills in the eastern and southern portions of the island and hills and low mountains in the western and northern regions. Commodity crops earn farmers losses or profits based on the prevailing price of output that industrial buyers are willing to pay. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. HSCJ201607). GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. Previous studies, which used statistical approaches or process-based approaches, have discussed the river water quality relationship with, or response to, air temperature and precipitations. Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. In addition, inadequate education can perpetuate poverty and inequality by limiting social mobility. CIE A Level Geography Past Papers During photosynthesis, plants require carbon dioxide to manufacture food. A water pollution control plan should be designed based on both the primary and secondary factors that cause the instability of precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters. Plant Physiology. OCR A Level Geography, AQA A Level Geography Past Papers The problem of instability can be modulated by encouraging conservative efforts such as grassy strips, planting trees, buffer lands, etc at basin scale [56, 80]. Factors that Influence the Economic Development of a Country. The topography of an area incorporates its relief (relative differences in elevation), its aspect (position with respect to compass coordinates), and the general shape and connectivity of land surfaces. hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. The development of its environment is influenced by various external factors. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Similarly, Chen and Lu (2014) found that the mean slope and elevation have a negative correlation with water temperature, turbidity, conductivity, COD, TN, NO3-N, dissolved phosphorus and TP, and a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen (DO) [18]. Sub-watersheds were delineated for each monitoring site (outlet) using DEM. Different crops have varying optimal or favorable temperature range during the night or day for growth and optimal yields. Ye et al (2009) found that topographic characteristics in the Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region explained 26% variations in water quality [18]. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Population change and illiteracy are also topography-related social factors. For example, a city located in highly elevated regions of Mt. Just like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they influence how crops grow and develop. Among the other aspects of relief features which affect human habitation are general topography, slope and aspect. The migrant laborers often live illegally in the country and thus accept the lowly-paying jobs that American citizens are unwilling to take up. What Is a Case Brief? We found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a global scale. Various factors in the natural environment affect farming. Some of these bodies of water became famous because they were able to provide traders with a quick means of travel so that they could disperse their goods to a large population of consumers. palki sharma left wion; matthew weathers carl weathers son; when the israelites moved which tribe went first; thomas trainz websites. WebHow does topography affect economic activities? 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