In the last year, Nazeer launched a new company Friendly Mart (Surat) Enterprise in Surat (financial capital of Gujarat) on the lines of Friendly Mart Enterprise, to cater to the local restaurants of the region. The field officers will serve as a critical link to improve coordination between the Ministry of Health (MoH), WHO, and the community. Social franchising: whatever happened to old-fashioned notions of evidence-based practice? One way to overturn this human resources for health crisis is shifting of some formal primary care tasks to lay workers (World Health Organization, 2006). PUBLIC HEALTH IS INHERENTLY ANTI-ENTREPRENEURIAL 1. This survey was conducted to find the household size, average monthly expenditure, purchase practices, and consumer behavior towards organized retailing. The results show that 90.4% (95% CI: 88.092.3) of the households living in exposed areas heard of at least one method of modern contraception. There are many product categories and brands which have been added and removed from the store over the last 5 years. Besides, clinical social franchising and social franchising systems using vouchers have also shown to be successful ways to deliver sexual and reproductive health services and products (Beyeler et al., 2013; Khurram Azmat et al., 2013). Nazeer discussed his ideas with Ali Bhai, with the proposal to set up a retail shop, who in turn told him to think big, maybe a supermarket. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (, Characterizing the implementation of performance management interventions in a primary health care system. After piloting, the survey was openly discussed within the team of research assistants and, as a result of the discussion, minor translation and technical errors were resolved. A business enterprise, supported by the community with community-oriented required support system, have potential to generate jobs, scale up, earn a profit, and return the benefit to the community beyond those directly employed personnel. Community-based entrepreneurial activities could be an effective response to the structural and functional disconnection between indigenous, informal, and formal institutions. Few policy initiatives need to be taken for fostering a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship among members of weak communities and encouraging the catalytic role towards further development. Managing in a time of great change. Suresh, S. S., & Saravan, S. (2013). Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(3), 2536. Initially, when he launched Friendly Mart, his first purchase was based on speculation, conventional wisdom, and gut feel. WebFOURmula ONE for Health framework of Project Entreprenurse 1. Eligible participants were adult household representatives of reproductive age (i.e. 5 lakhs at his disposal from savings and could get Rs. Even a socialist redistribution policy may not reach out to a religious minority group; policy biases towards minorities for empowerment could be helpful. Economic and Political Weekly, 20, 37163719. The next major challenge was to identify the right location for setting up the shop; the following factors were crucial for the decision on the location: it should be in the neighborhood, the absence of an organized retailing, real estate should be reasonable, and the future developmental prospects of the area. The descriptive information of the cohort is presented in Table1. female or male sterilization, intrauterine device, injectable, implant, pill, male or female condom, diaphragm and foam) was used to construct an aggregate variable coded 1 if at least one of the modern methods was known, and coded 0 if none of the modern methods were known. Want to read the entire page? In the current situation in a developing nation like India, entrepreneurship could be the right foot forward in tackling the evils of poverty. E-mail: Search for other works by this author on: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Makerere University, Equity in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions in Countdown to 2015: a retrospective review of survey data from 54 countries, The impact of clinical social franchising on health services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review, Community health workers and mobile technology: a systematic review of the literature, Tacit knowledge, trust and the Q of sapphire, Interval estimation for a binomial proportion, Reaching youth through franchise clinics: assessment of Kenyan private sector involvement in youth services, The effectiveness of social marketing in global health: a systematic review, Assessing the direction of causality in cross-sectional studies, Universal health coverage: necessary but not sufficient, Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of lay health worker programmes to improve access to maternal and child health: qualitative evidence synthesis, Sparse data bias: a problem hiding in plain sight, How equitable is social franchising? There is less research that specifically addresses the impact of micro-entrepreneurship in the field of sexual and reproductive health. In exposed communities, an estimated 21.4% (95% CI: 18.624.6) of the households were currently using at least one modern contraceptive method, opposed to 10.1% (95% CI: 7.713.2) in the unexposed communities. The cohort included households from randomly selected villages within two subcounties of Kibaale district. Privacy they remain Village Health Team workers). It also touches upon the role of cultural values, institutional arrangements, and structures in the formation of the enterprise. Davis, S. Indigenous people and ethnic minorities (p. 10). He is also contemplating to develop rural-focused products which can uplift the living standards of the villagers and can effectively cater their needs wide franchise network. Turinawe EB, Rwemisisi JT, Musinguzi LK et al. In challenging situations, there exists an array of reasons and only a few alternatives for an entrepreneur (Parwez 2014). Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. His subsidiary company Friendly Mart Enterprise caters to more than 150 highway hotels and 100 city-based hotels across Gujarat. Yin, R. K. (1984). The case study also reflects that asymmetry of the information creates a moral hazard in the community. The expansion of entrepreneurial activities is an important tactic for the overall strategy of economic development (Jonathan 2010). A visit to Mundra Institute of Communication, Ahmedabad, gave him (Nazeer Khan) the idea of leveraging the business with a franchising structure across Gujarat. It also created confusion among the clientele as Friendly Mart was perceived as a food and grocery convenience store and not a lifestyle store. A recent research and theory on transitional economies, together with growing interest in micro-credits, has an effect on community issues as principal elements of entrepreneurial activity among underprivileged people (Bates 1997; Cornwall 1998; Anderson, and Jack 2002; Parwez 2015). World Bank participation sourcebook. Evident by stories of big grocery stores like Subhiksha and Reliance Fresh, there is a wrong assumption that price is the deciding factor for any organized retail to be successful. Thus, the final sample contained data from 1202 household members. It illustrates patient centric thinking; how to develop together with the customer around the table (hackatons and makerspaces); why software is not eating the world and digital is an enabler to customer experience; arguments to build plug-and-play start-ups into scale-ups (think LEGO tape); how to spot novel business opportunities watching So, spillover effects are absent or limited in nature (Peredo, and Chrisman 2006). Dorado, S. (2006). Conflicts of interest statement. Public participation and local environmental planning: the collective action problem and the potential of social capital. (2006). One issue that emerged from the data, in particular, was the programmes ability to act as vehicle for education and information on sexual and reproductive health. WebLODI UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT CLASS TITLE: PARAEDUCATOR-BEHAVIOR SPECIALIST BASIC FUNCTION: Assist a certificated teacher in providing instruction to individual or small groups of severely emotionally disturbed students in a classroom environment; monitor and report student progress regarding behavior and performance; Jonathan, J. M. (2010). It can be stated that access to capital to mainstream connections can be a determining factor towards entrepreneurial success or failure. Lessons from experiences of village health teams in Luwero, Uganda, Applied Multilevel Analysis. Entrepreneurship and societal transformation: an exploratory study. Corresponding author. The study has taken Friendly Mart as a case study to understand community-based entrepreneurship; events and activities are limited to a single occurrence. Minority businesses are the essential part of the development of any society; personal initiative is encouraged and there is equal opportunity for citizens (Alvord et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The community-based entrepreneurship has evolved due to the efforts of committed individuals to promote self-employment. Use of modern contraceptive methods was higher among rural communities where Healthy Entrepreneurs were active compared with communities covered by regular lay health workers. The opportunity to replenish stocks at the warehouse is combined with monthly peer-meetings and refresher trainings in which the entrepreneurs are required to partake. The social enterprise, in their turn, maintains an end-to-end supply chain of guaranteed quality products and medicineswhich can be bought by the entrepreneurs at a local Healthy Entrepreneurs warehouse. The distributors of products tend to have fixed their route and scheduling, which is once in a week or fortnight. The empowerment promoted by community enterprises suggests a shift towards the strengthening of existing capacities at an individual level and groups in a community. It is evident that entrepreneurial ventures are motivated by community orientation and undertaken with the expectation of profits to be used for an expansion and the empowerment of members. A little fresh air might even help stimulate your creativity. This study set out to explore how community health entrepreneurship affects communities sexual and reproductive health in rural Uganda. They are different from private enterprises; their business activity is undertaken as a means of achieving the benefit for the community, not for private gain. The application for consultations is based on guidelines from the Ugandan Ministry of Health and community health entrepreneurs are required to structure their activities in accordance with these guidelines. The activity status of community health entrepreneurs was a priori determined using information retrieved from Healthy Entrepreneurs and the District Health Office. health related entrepreneurial activities in the community. Two entrepreneur brothers Mehndi and Mahmud both farmers owning some land in Ilol volunteered to start off a franchise in April 2007. As far as Sarkhej was concerned, the proximity of the area was the major issue, the household profile was not up-market, and locals may prefer the Kirana store to a supermarket. The customers received well both the sections; it also enhanced the image of the store. Google Scholar. Chapter 4: Beyond Competition: Exploring Collaboration for Entrepreneurship in Healthcare Such organizations may focus their trainings in accordance with their specific mandate (e.g. Cultural consequences: international differences in work-related values. The major limitation of this phenomenon is the lack of community orientation in a modern society, capacity, and generalization of a model elsewhere. Webstudy existed entrepreneurial opportunities and Holding festivals related to discovering the best entrepreneurial opportunities and performed successful projects related to them, Both these business enterprises belong to Chilea community. Three participant groups will be involved: 1) Random sample of community participants aged 40 or older, 100 per community (1300 control, 1300 intervention participants total); 2) Community members aged 40 years or older who attended at least one CHAP-P session; 3) Community health workers and staff facilitating sessions. Community health workers in low- and middle-income countries: what do we know about scaling up and sustainability? The survey listed five common sexually transmitted infections. WebWhat is Community-based health related project? Town Planning Review, 81, 123149. Others have argued that social entrepreneurship may be most effective in reaching and sustaining engagement with individuals who may be impossible to reach using a conventional delivery system (Tucker et al., 2012). It led to early discussions on the idea with peers for setting up a retail shop. Such a difference might be the result of using mobile technology (e.g. Existing literature confirms that these are the early years of this concept. ), Microfinance: A Reader. This seems to hold especially true for sexual and reproductive health services (Fried et al., 2013; Quick et al., 2014; Snow et al., 2015). Entrepreneurship provides an opportunity and an alternative to unemployment. WebImpact on the Community Entrepreneurs can have a powerful impact on a local economy in terms of job creation, new ideas, and economic and political on health care and related products, on services that make their lives easier, and leisure activities, technology, cost of living, and housing. Often such activities are in the form of puzzles, planning sheets, cards, and group assessments which invoke several entrepreneurial skills in the learners. Tackling multiple deprivation in communities: considering the evidence. a lay health worker governed by the district health office). For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. In the case of India, these determining factors are more in number and pronounced. The community-based entrepreneurship has given way to mobilization and empowerment of the poor, who can now manage their own well-being and be benefited from economic activities. Community health entrepreneurship may be a more resilient way of organizing community health systems. In Uganda, the community health entrepreneurs are Village Health Team workers (i.e. Rural communities covered by a community health entrepreneurship model had more knowledge of sexually transmitted infections and modern contraceptive methods than communities covered by regular lay health workers. Community-based entrepreneurship is now seen as a viable alternative for development processes. Studies in Comparative International Development, 31(3), 123151. Lastly, we would like to acknowledge the staff from Emesco Development Foundation and the warehouse for their support and hospitality. A remarkable observation is that both groups seemed to have relatively little comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS with 32.4% (95% CI: 29.135.9) and 23.8% (95% CI: 20.227.9) in the exposed and unexposed areas, respectively. As such, community health entrepreneurs have two main responsibilities. We observed that households living in an area where community health entrepreneurs were active reported more often to use at least one modern contraceptive method [odds ratios (OR): 2.01, 95% CI: 1.303.10] had more knowledge of modern contraceptive methods (OR: 7.75, 95% CI: 2.8121.34), knew more sexually transmitted infections (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.143.05), and mentioned more symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.182.85). Measuring the condition at a methodological level (case study) with respect to community-led entrepreneurship is a new form of entrepreneurial behavior (Dees and Ba le Anderson 2006; Dorado 2006; Short et al. Yunus, M. (2008). The expertise of Friendly Mart in catering to hotels was a great help for Abdul. Fyfe, A. Those who mentioned at least one of these infections had a positive score, whereas those who did not mention one of the common infections had a negative score. o Apply strategic Haemmerli M, Santos A, Penn-Kekana L et al. To leverage the business opportunity formation Friendly Mart Enterprise took place, a sister concern organization catering over 100 restaurants in and around Ahmedabad and 300 restaurants in other cities of Gujarat. Participate in or help organize a community parade. Clean up vacant lot. Bygrave and Minniti (2000) imply that determinant variation in entrepreneurship led processes from region to region, even with similar economic conditions. antibiotics, modern contraceptives, analgesics, female hygiene products, soap and vitamins). They provide Mair, J. At time, the idea of a Saral store would be ideal to convert small Kirana stores into more organized shop, material organized in a systematic way, and sold across the counter. However, for the sustainability of the enterprise, it needs to be profitable while serving the community. Basu, A., & Altinay, E. (2002). The detailed qualitative accounts not only are generally applicable to case studies to explore or describe the data in the real-life environment but also help to explain the complexities of real-life situations which may not be captured through experimental or survey-based data or research. Community-based activities lead to dependence on sect partners, personnel, and customers which can be limiting in nature. In order to select a random sample of clusters from all eligible villages, a sampling frame was established. Sexual and reproductive health indicator percentages with 95% confidence intervals per exposure group. (2006). Household wealth was estimated using the International Wealth Index (IWI) as described by Smits and Steendijk (2015). Sparse data bias may have resulted in unrealistically wide confidence intervals surrounding the parameters presented in this study. Although we have no indication that research assistants may have been aware of the villages exposure status, this can theoretically induce contamination between intervention and control with subsequent overestimation of the effects. (2010). Hyderabad: Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. (2013) showed that social franchising combined with vouchers effectively increased contraceptive knowledge and use. The data indicate that the odds on knowing at least one modern contraceptive method were higher for households in the exposed than in the unexposed villages. This information was cross-validated in informal interviews with the village chairmen and active community health entrepreneurs to prevent contamination of exposure between villages. Community engagement in regeneration: are we getting the point? Additionally, he also advised Nazeer to communicate about the business plan in a social circle for investment. 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